一、試卷滿分及考試時(shí)間

滿分為150分，考試時(shí)間為180分鐘。

二、答題方式

答題方式為閉卷、筆試。

三、試卷題型結(jié)構(gòu)

試卷內(nèi)容由六大題型組成，即詞匯（20分）、語(yǔ)法（20分）、閱讀理解（40分）、完形填空（10分）、改錯(cuò)（10分）和 寫作（50分）。

試題示例：

I．詞匯（20分）

1.He ______ his head, wondering how to solve the problem.

  A. scrapped  B. screwed  C. scraped  D. scratched

……

II．語(yǔ)法（20分）

2. I'm awfully sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply _____ what I did

  A. ought to have done  B. have to do

  C. had to do  D. must do

……

III．閱讀理解 （40分）

When Robert Krauss was a boy, 50 years ago, his grandfather told him a story about two men walking down a street one cold winter’s day. One man babbled incessantly, while his companion, frigid hands stuffed in his pockets, merely nodded here and there. Finally, the talker asked, “Shmuel, why aren’t you saying anything?” To which the friend replied, “I forgot my gloves.”

As a boy , Krauss was hard put to understand how someone could be struck dumb by having his hands stilled . But now, as a professor of psychology at Columbia University, he has made the role of gestures in speech a focus of his research. When Krauss started, the conventional scientific wisdom was that gestures are a visual language that conveys meaning --- a pointed finger means “you,” a hand brushed sideways means “over there.” But since some gestures, such as chopping the air in rhythm with one’s sentences, are clearly meaningless, there is an emerging consensus that gestures serve another function, says Krauss: “They help people retrieve elusive words from their memory .”

A slew of recent and upcoming papers pinpoint how talking with your hands can unlock what Krauss calls “lexical memory.” One study, for instance, finds that speakers gesture more when they try to define words that have a strong spatial component ---- like “under” or “adjacent” --- than when defining words that are more abstract, like “thought” or “evil” And doctors notice that stroke patients whose brain lesion impairs their ability to name objects gesture more, “as if they are trying everything they can to come up with a word,” says Krauss. Even people who don’t think they’re gesturing may be. Krauss attached electrodes to people’s arms to measure the activation of their muscles --- a little clench that doesn’t blossom into a full gesture. Then he asked them to come up with words that fit a definition he supplied. “You get more muscle activation when you try to access a word like ‘castanets”, which has a connotation of movement, than when you try to access an abstract word like ‘mercy’, he found.

If gesticulating is like wielding a key to the door of lexical memory, then someone who can’t use his hands should have more trouble unlocking the door. That is just what a new study in the American Journal of Psychology finds. In the experiment, volunteers held onto a bar to keep their hands still; when Donna Frick-Horbury of Appalachian State University in North Carolina read them definitions (“an ancient instrument used for calculations”) the subjects more often failed to think of the word (“abacus”), or took longer to do it, than when they could gesture freely. “Many subjects would actually make motions of using an abacus before coming up with the word, ” says psychologist Robert Guttentag of the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, who oversaw the study.

Such findings provide a clue to how our word memory works. Many doors in the brain seem to open onto memories. Just as a whiff of turmeric may unleash a recollection of Grandma’s kitchen, so gesturing may open a door to a word with a spatial or movement connotation, says neuroscientist Brian Butterworth of University College, London. This theory “makes sense,” says memory expert Daniel Schacter of Harvard University, “because we know that the more elaborately a memory is encoded ” --- with vision , smell and movement , for instance --- “the easier it is to access . ” 

Not everyone talks with his hands. At the extremes, some people gesture 40 times more than others, Krauss finds. An anthropology study in 1940s New York found that Italian and Jewish immigrants gestured a lot; Jews tended to keep their gestures small, while Italians were more expansive. Krauss suspects that the differences reflect the rhythmicity of languages: the more rhythmic, the more gestures. But something even more interesting may be going on “How much people gesture may reflect a difference in how they think,” says Krauss. “People who gesture a lot may conceptualize things in spatial terms. For instance, rather than thinking of ‘comprehension’ as a purely abstract concept, they may think of it as physically grasping something. And some people may conceive of ‘freedom’ not only as political, but also in more spatial terms”, such as “without boundaries,” which lends itself to gesture. The more an abstract word has physical counterparts, the more helpful gesturing would be. Next time you’re tongue-tied, then, try hand-waving .

1.  According to the passage, the field that professor Krauss focuses on is ____.

A. biology

B. anthropology

C. psychology

D. medicine

……

IV．完形填空（10分）

Public image refers to how a company is viewed by its customers, suppliers, and stockholders, by the financial community, by the communities 1 it operates, and by federal and local governments. Public image is controllable  2  considerable extent, just as the product, price, place, and promotional efforts are.

A firm's public image plays a vital role in the  3  of the firm and its products to employees, customers, and to such outsiders  4  stockholders, suppliers, creditors, government officials, as well as  5  special groups. With some things it is impossible to  6  all the diverse publics: for example, a new highly automated plant may meet the approval of creditors and stockholders,  7  it will undoubtedly find   8  from employees who see their jobs  9  .On the other hand, high quality products and service standards should bring almost complete approval,  10   low quality products and  11claims would be widely looked down upon.

A firm's public image, if it is good, should be treasured and protected. It is a valuable   12  that usually is built up over a long and satisfying relationship of a firm with publics. If a firm has earned a quality image, this is not easily  13  or imitated by competitors. Such an image may enable a firm to  14  higher prices, to win the best distributors and dealers, to attract the best employees, to expect the most  15  creditor relationships and lowest borrowing costs. It should also allow the firm's stock to command higher price-earnings   16  than other firms in the same industry with such a good reputation and public image.

A number of factors affect the public image of a corporation.  17   include physical  18  contacts of outsiders  19  company employees, product quality and dependability, prices  20  to competitors, customer service, the kind of advertising and the media and programs used, and the use of public relations and publicity.

（1）A. which     B. what   C. where  D. whom

（2）A. in  B. within   C. on  D. to

（3）A. attraction  B. attachment  C. affection  D. generalization

（4）A. and   B. with   C. as   D. for

（5）A. converse   B. diverse  C. reverse  D. universe 

（6）A. satisfy  B. treat  C. amuse   D. entertain

（7）A. so   B. then  C. thus  D. but 

（8）A. support   B. identification  C. compliment  D. resistance

（9）A. ensured  B. promoted   C. threatened  D. unemployed

（10）A. because  B. while  C. though   D. when

（11）A. false  B. fake   C. artificial  D. counterfeit

（12）A. fortune  B. asset  C. possession  D. property

（13）A. countered  B. defeated  C. repelled   D. compelled

（14）A. pay  B. get  C. order   D. charge 

（15）A. favorite   B. prosperous   C. favorable  D. prospective 

（16）A. rate  B. ratio  C. ration    D. interest

（17）A. These  B. They  C. That   D. It 

（18）A. appliances  B. equipment  C. devices   D. facilities

（19）A. on   B. with  C. in  D. along 

（20）A. relative  B. related  C. reliable  D. reconcilable

V．改錯(cuò) （10分）

For over 900 years, the Tower of London has served as a loyal      1. ____                 

palace and fortress. Today, it’s famous for its bloody history and 

for being the place where the Crown Jewels are kept. But it has served 

for other purposes, too. It has been the royal arsenal, royal mint, 2. ____         

royal observatory or even the royal zoo. The site of the Tower was 3.____        originally part of the Roman city of Londinium. 

But in 1066 a foreigner from France became King William 4. ____        

of Britain, he ordered that a wooden castle built on the banks of 5.____         the river Thames. The purpose of this fortress was to help secure 

London, the most important city in his view realm. Ten years later, 

William had the fortress rebuild in stone, and created a great 6. ____        

fortified palace with walls three meter thick. Today, this building 7.____         is known as the White Tower, and it stands in the centre of a much 

larger stone fortress, which was built during later centuries. The 

Tower now covers the area of seven hectares, and it stands near the 8.____         busy financial district of the capital. But, once inside the high stone 

walls, it’s easy to forget the modern world outside and to take a 

trip back through history. To help visitors explore, there are special 

ceremonial guards, called Yeoman Warders. They are also known as 

Beefeaters, and they are the best resource of information about the 9.____         Tower’s history. Nearly 40 Yeoman live and work in the Tower. 

They are former soldiers have earned the privilege of serving as 10.____         Yeoman after long service.

VI．寫作（50分 ）

A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.

    Write an essay of about 600 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.

    In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

 

四、適用學(xué)科

外國(guó)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)

五、考核內(nèi)容

本考試重點(diǎn)是考查學(xué)生的有一定難度的讀、寫、譯的能力?？忌谠~匯量、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、閱讀理解和寫作等方面應(yīng)分別達(dá)到以下要求： 

（一）詞匯 

應(yīng)掌握大約相當(dāng)于8000--12000個(gè)左右的英語(yǔ)詞匯總量，其中的5000個(gè)詞要求熟練掌握，即能在語(yǔ)言交際、寫作或翻譯中準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用；其余詞語(yǔ)則要求能在閱讀中識(shí)別和理解。

（二）語(yǔ)法知識(shí) 

應(yīng)掌握英語(yǔ)的全部基本語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型，能正確理解用這些句型結(jié)構(gòu)寫成的句子，并學(xué)會(huì)識(shí)別和改正基本的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。 

（三）閱讀理解能力 

能綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和閱讀技能讀懂有一定難度的一般性題材的文章及科技文獻(xiàn)資料。要求能抓住大意，注意細(xì)節(jié)；既能理解上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，又能領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的意圖和態(tài)度。閱讀速度應(yīng)達(dá)到每分鐘80～100個(gè)詞，答對(duì)率不低于70％。 

（四）英語(yǔ)寫作 

考生應(yīng)具有用書面英語(yǔ)表達(dá)思想的基本能力。所寫文字要切合主題，意義連貫，標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確，無(wú)重大語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。 

六、主要參考教材

張漢熙   高級(jí)英語(yǔ)（一二冊(cè)）［M］.北京：外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社，1995.

楊立民   現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（1-4冊(cè)）［M］.北京：外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社，2015.

張道真   實(shí)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法［M］北京：外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社，2002.

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